9/25/2023 0 Comments Great adventure bible timelineHelped by sympathetic Buddhists, he traveled via Gansu and Qinghai to Kumul (Hami), thence following the Tian Shan mountains to Turpan. Motivated by seeking better translations of Buddhist scripture at the time, Xuanzang left Chang'an in 629, in defiance of Emperor Taizong of Tang's ban on travel. Xuanzang (602–664) was a monk at Jingtu Temple in late- Sui dynasty and early- Tang dynasty Chang'an. The novel Journey to the West was based on historical events. Main article: Xuanzang Big Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an Porcelain pillow showing characters Regardless of the origins and authorship, Journey to the West has become the authoritative version of these folk stories, and Wu's name has become a household name accompanying the book. The overall plot of Journey to the West was "already a part of Chinese folk and literary tradition in the form of" folk stories with informal language", a poetic novelette, and a six-part drama" play series, which was transcribed and written down, before the current version was written. Jenner pointed out in 1942 that although Wu had knowledge of Chinese bureaucracy and politics, the novel itself does not include any political details that "a fairly well-read commoner could not have known." The work in question could have been any version of our story, or something else entirely." Translator W. What the gazetteer says is that Wu wrote something called The Journey to the West. Brown University Chinese literature scholar David Lattimore stated in 1983: "The Ambassador's confidence was quite unjustified. More recent scholarship casts doubts on this attribution. He reasoned that the people of Wu's hometown attributed it early on to him, and kept records to that effect as early as 1625 thus, claimed Ambassador Hu, Journey to the West was one of the earliest Chinese novels for which the authorship is officially documented. Hu Shih, literary scholar and former Ambassador to the United States, wrote in 1942 that the novel was thought to have been written and published anonymously by Wu Cheng'en. Yu, writing in 2012, warned that "this vexing dispute over the novel's authorship, similar to that on the priority of its textual versions, see-sawed back and forth for nearly a century without resolution." The question of authorship is further complicated by the fact that a good deal of the novel's material had been published in the form of folk tales. The earliest known full-length version of Journey to the West was published anonymously in 1592, preceded by two briefer versions. Enduringly popular, the novel is at once a comic adventure story, a humorous satire of Chinese bureaucracy, a source of spiritual insight, and an extended allegory.Īuthorship The four protagonists, from left to right: the Monkey King, Tang Sanzang (on the White Dragon Horse), Zhu Bajie, and Sha Wujing Journey to the West has strong roots in Chinese folk religion, Chinese mythology, Confucianism, Taoist, and Buddhist theology, and the pantheon of Taoist immortals and Buddhist bodhisattvas are still reflective of some Chinese religious attitudes today. The group of pilgrims journeys towards enlightenment by the power and virtue of cooperation. These disciples are the Monkey King, Zhu Bajie, and Sha Wujing, together with a dragon prince who acts as Tang Sanzang's steed, a white horse. The novel retains the broad outline of Xuanzang's own account, Great Tang Records on the Western Regions, but adds elements from folk tales and the author's invention: Gautama Buddha gives this task to the monk and provides him with three protectors who agree to help him as an atonement for their sins. The monk is referred to as Tang Sanzang in the novel. The novel is an extended account of the legendary pilgrimage of the Tang dynasty Buddhist monk Xuanzang, who traveled to the " Western Regions" ( Central Asia and India) to obtain Buddhist sūtras (sacred texts) and returned after many trials and much suffering. Arthur Waley's 1942 abridged translation, Monkey, is known in English-speaking countries. It is regarded as one of the greatest Classic Chinese Novels, and has been described as arguably the most popular literary work in East Asia. Journey to the West ( Chinese: 西遊記) is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty and attributed to Wu Cheng'en. Journey to the West in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
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